The substitute settled a tie that was in the balance from the first minute until the last with a finish of startling composure given the circumstances, pressure and surroundings. His strike proved the difference, with Argentina unable to respond in what little time remained, adding another star to the Europeans' crest following their triumphs in 1954, 1974 and 1990.
A naturally frenetic beginning to the encounter brought an early sight of goal for Gonzalo Higuain. The genesis of the chance was actually a Germany free-kick, with rapid pressure from Ezequiel Lavezzi on the loose ball ultimately forcing an opportunity for his team-mate, who sought the far left corner with a low drive from an acute angle but dragged the effort wide.
Initial Nationalmannschaft dominance in possession petered out before the quarter-hour and, in succession, Lionel Messi, Pablo Zabaleta and Philipp Lahm were left bemoaning a lack of reachable targets inside the danger zone as they carefully picked out crosses from wide.
Neither participant in the finest opening of the first 20 minutes had anybody to blame but himself. Toni Kroos miscalculated a header back to his goalkeeper, merely finding Higuain unmarked and uncatchable. The Argentina forward seemed a certain scorer as he bounded towards Manuel Neuer but contrived to instead hook a right-foot shot off target to the left.
With 30 minutes on the clock, the Albiceleste No9 did put the ball into the net, but luck continued to desert the South Americans as the officials rightly adjudged him offside. After collecting a pass in freedom on the right flank, Lavezzi had swept a vicious centre along the corridor of the Germany penalty box to Higuain, who expertly guided home first time with a side-foot. But the flag was correctly raised and it remained goalless.
A moment later, Andre Schurrle was introduced by Joachim Low in place of the injured Christoph Kramer, who himself had been named in the starting XI at the last moment following an issue in the warm-up for Sami Khedira. The Chelsea attacker was involved almost immediately, controlling a Thomas Muller delivery and quickly blasting at goal only for Sergio Romero to pull off a save.
Though Germany largely contained Messi in the first half, the Barcelona superstar caused alarm before the break when he galloped along the right touchline and to the near post before being crowded out by a combination of defence and goalkeeper. At the other end, composed hold-up play by Miroslav Klose teed up Kroos for a shot that was simple for Romero.
There was still time in an absorbing period for defender Benedikt Howedes to thunder a header from Kroos’ precise corner against Argentina’s right post, with Muller ruled offside as he attempted to acrobatically send in a rebound from close range.
When the two sides returned after the break, Alejandro Sabella had decided on a change, with Sergio Aguero replacing Lavezzi in an advanced position. They started the brighter too and, as previously with Higuain, Messi dispatched a shot off his strongest foot wide of the far post from a narrow angle, having been found by a cute Lucas Biglia pass.
Trademark movement from the World Cup’s all-time top scorer, Klose, married with a lofted Lahm cross but the striker's header was little trouble to Romero. With each passing minute, the match became increasingly stretched, with neither team yielding in their attacking ambitions.
Enzo Perez was somewhat fortunate to pick out talisman Messi in the 75th minute, prompting the 27-year-old to arc around a series of German challenges at the outer edge of the area. The strike was always coming but when the No10 did unleash a curler and the massed ranks of Argentinians in attendance drew breath, it skewed harmlessly off target.
Back at the other end, Mesut Ozil was accurate in passing across the field to the onrushing Kroos, who realised the need to hit the ball instantly as opponents closed in. However, Romero was able to watch his cool side-foot drift wide. The Albiceleste goalkeeper was then equally comfortable in keeping out a Gotze daisy-cutter, heralding extra time in Rio.
The pace from the outset of the additional period was relentless; Schurrle smacked straight at the keeper, Aguero looked for a colleague from the left at the conclusion of a counter-attack and saw none, while substitute Rodrigo Palacio looped the ball over Neuer but lost control after taking down a fine Marcos Rojo inswinger in space.
Then, with seven minutes of the 120 remaining, the decisive moment arrived. Schurrle bulldozed past three Argentina defenders on the left flank, drawing Sabella’s charges out of shape and clipping over them to Gotze. The 22-year-old’s technique was exquisite, cushioning the ball on his chest and volleying at an awkward height, finding the far corner of the net to write his name into German and World Cup football folklore.
Rio de Janeiro: Germany are the new world champions, Joachim Loew's team proving itself resilient and good enough to take the best opportunity that fell its way in a pulsating, thrilling World Cup final against an Argentinian side that at various points of a wonderful game looked as though it, not its European rival, could take the crown.
This was a game of oscillating fortunes played at a frantic pace where fortunes ebbed and flowed one way or another. There was little between the two teams for 113 minutes until German substitute Mario Goetze struck a goal of the highest class, a volley which was worthy of a World Cup-winning goal.
Another German substitute, Andre Schurrle, summoned the energy to break wide on the left with just seven minutes left in extra time before delivering a cross to the edge of the six-yard box. Goetze got free between two defenders, controlled the ball on his chest and then volleyed home, giving Sergio Romero no chance.
It was a superb strike to end a superb match, and although it was cruel on the South Americans few will argue that, over the balance of the tournament, Germany were the best team.
So the Germans now have four World Cups to their name, equal with Italy, and only one less than the host nation Brazil, whom they humbled 7-1 in that astonishing semi-final five days earlier.
They won this title by the same scoreline - 1-0 - that they had defeated Argentina the last time these two nations met in a final, in Rome in 1990. They have also become the first European nation to win the World Cup in South America. The diminutive figure of Lionel Messi was a significant presence through much of this match but the Barcelona star could not quite make the difference he had in earlier games.
His rueful smile as he drove a late free-kick over the bar summed up his feelings in a game in which he had been good, but not outstanding in the way he needed to be if the Albicelestes were to win this title. Still, it was hard not to have sympathy for an Argentina side that had carved out numerous chances and dominated periods of the game without being able to convert any. This was a game that began in dramatic circumstances when key German midfielder Sami Khedira was forced to withdraw from the starting 11, having injured himself in the pre-match warm up, his place going to youngster Christoph Kramer, who was himself later to leave the field with concussion after an elbow to the head from Argentina defender Ezequiel Garay.
It ended in tense and equally compelling circumstances with Goetze's goal and Argentina's last-gasp efforts to dredge up an equaliser and force the match to a penalty shootout. Gonzalo Higuain was the villain of the piece for the Albiceleste in a first half in which Germany began the brighter but the South Americans gradually exerted themselves and created a number of opportunities. The best of those fell to the Napoli frontman Higuain, who surely could not have believed how much time and space he found himself in after Toni Kroos' errant back header left him in the clear with only German goalkeeper Manuel Neuer to beat.
A striker of Higuain's class and experience would be expected to finish an opportunity like that in normal circumstances. But a World Cup final is the least normal of circumstances, and Higuain, like many before him, didn't cope with the pressure, scuffing his shot wide of Neuer's right hand post. The frontman, who has been ever present throughout Argentina's run to the final, thought he had given his country the lead shortly afterwards after some great lead-up work by Messi, who controlled the ball beautifully in midfield after Germany failed to clear properly from an Argentine attack and fed Ezequiel Lavezzi out on the right. The winger floated a lovely cross, which Higuain met first time and side footed home. Alas for him and the full throated mass of Argentine supporters who were trying to turn the Maracana into an outpost of Buenos Aires, the assistant referee raised his flag for offside. Replays showed that Higuain and his teammate Marcos Rojo had strayed into forbidden territory.
Early in the game, Higuain had almost given his team the lead from another sharp break, this time when he dragged a shot across goal, just wide of Neuer's post. Not that it was all one-way traffic in a classic game in which both sides punched and pushed each other to find an opening. Challenges were hard - and occasionally illegal, with at least one serious ramification - but the big-name players were standing up. There is no bigger name in the game than Messi, and he proved a constant threat as he picked up the ball and ran at defenders, especially down the right flank where Germany's converted centre half, Benedikt Hoewedes, has looked vulnerable during this tournament.
Messi's extraordinary ball control, allied to his ability to shift gears and quicken in an instant makes him almost unplayable at times and on numerous occasions here he ran at the German rearguard and caused consternation - none more so than when he outpaced Mats Hummels and fired in a shot that just went wide. Faced with opponents who would not buckle like Brazil, Germany had to gather themselves and dig in for what promised to be a long haul. The German defence, which had rarely been tested by quarter-final opponents France or Brazil in that bizarre semi-final looked like breaking on several occasions, struggling to cope not just with the tricks of Messi but the direct speedy running of Lavezzi, who attacked from the flanks or through the middle.
His replacement, Schurrle, then tested Romero in the Argentine goal with a well struck shot after Mueller got clear on the left. The danger then appeared at the other end when Messi's sprint and driving run into the box got him round the back of the German defence to beat Neuer, although Jerome Boateng scrambled the ball clear.
Romero saved from Kroos, Mueller sent a curling shot wide and then Hedwiges crashed a header off the woodwork in the shadows of half time as this game really caught fire.
Messi had a wonderful opportunity to put Argentina ahead shortly after the restart when he was played clear in the penalty area, but once again he pulled his shot wide of Neuer's left post.
Neuer, renowned for his expertise as a ''sweeper keeper'', then had to be out off his line smartly to punch clear a long ball as Higuain chased the pass down, the German collecting the striker in the head with his knee as he jumped.
While Higuain protested, the goalkeeper was entitled to go for the ball and he did reach it before the Argentinian. Whether he should have done so leading with his knee is another issue, and his challenge evoked comparisons with the far worse one by another German goalkeeper, Toni Schumacher, in the 1982 World Cup, when he knocked out Frenchman Patrick Battiston.
As the clock ticked by, the issue of fatigue began to raise itself. Germany's stroll in the park on Tuesday against Brazil would hardly have taken anything out of them, while Argentina, who played a day later against The Netherlands in the other semi final, had to go through 120 minutes and a penalty shoot out, a game which their coach, Alejandro Sabella, described as a ''war''.
The ever combative Javier Mascherano, the heartbeat of this Argentine side, found himself in the book for a late challenge on German striker Mirolav Klose, and moments later Sergio Aguero met the same fate for a late challenge on Bastian Schweinsteiger as the cautions began to mount.
Messi danced around the edge of the penalty area before getting off another shot that curled just wide. This was Argentina's Achilles heel: they were creating openings, but rarely could they trouble Neuer with a shot on target.
Both coaches rang the changes, and Klose received a warm ovation when he was replaced with just minutes left by Goetze. Klose became the all-time World Cup leading scorer when he struck against Brazil, and at 36 a World Cup final appearance was a fitting end to a marvellous career.
The pace did not let up at the start of extra time as Schurrle sent in a shot that was easily dealt with by Romero while at the other end Neuer tidied up Aguero's cross after a swift Argentine break.
Substitute Rodrigo Palacios came agonisingly close with a lob that beat Neuer but went wide of the post as Argentina continued to threaten from quick counter attacks.
It looked as though it was heading for penalties - before Goetze's wonderful finish.
Klose caps a brilliant international career with a World Cup winners medal, while Messi is left to reflect on the fact that he could not quite inspire his country to a World Cup win in the manner of his predecessor, Diego Maradona, against Germany in 1986.
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